What does the term 'current' measure in an electrical circuit?

The term 'current' in an electrical circuit specifically measures the flow of electric charge. It is expressed in units called amperes (A), which quantify how much charge is moving through the circuit over a given period of time. This flow is crucial for the operation of electrical devices, as it represents the movement of electrons that enable power to reach those devices.

Current is distinct from voltage, which measures the electrical potential difference, and resistance, which refers to how much a material opposes the flow of that charge. Total energy consumed is a broader concept that relates to how much work is done over time but does not specifically define the flow of charge itself. Understanding current is fundamental for anyone working with electrical systems, as it helps in analyzing and designing circuits for various applications.