Which of the following best describes created demand?

Created demand refers to the demand for electricity that is stimulated or generated by the introduction of new energy services, marketing efforts, or demand-side management initiatives. It encompasses the upper limit of electrical demand based on customer usage, indicating that it is not just a reflection of current consumption patterns but rather represents the potential peak demand that can be activated due to these initiatives.

The focus on customer usage emphasizes that this demand is influenced by factors such as customer behavior, energy efficiency programs, and utility marketing strategies, which can encourage increased consumption of electricity. This concept highlights how utilities can actively create or "produce" demand by guiding customer choices and encouraging the adoption of electricity-driven technologies.

The remaining options do not capture the essence of created demand. Billing amounts, energy efficiency, and standard levels set by utility companies pertain to established metrics within the energy sector, but they do not inherently express the additional demand that can be stimulated through specific marketing or operational efforts aimed at influencing customer behavior.